Ulcerative Colitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes ongoing inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon and rectum. It’s a chronic condition that can affect daily life, but with the right care, many people manage their symptoms and live full, active lives.

What Is Ulcerative Colitis?

UC occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the digestive tract, causing inflammation. This inflammation can lead to small sores, called ulcers, which produce pus and mucus. The disease usually develops gradually and can worsen over time without treatment.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may come and go in cycles, known as flares and remissions. Common signs include:

• Diarrhea, often with blood or pus

• Abdominal pain and cramping

• Urgency to have a bowel movement

• Fatigue

• Weight loss

• Fever in more severe cases

Possible Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of UC is unknown, but factors may include:

• Immune system dysfunction – Overactive immune response attacking the colon

• Genetics – Family history of IBD increases risk

• Environmental triggers – Diet, stress, and infections may play a role

• Age – Most often diagnosed before age 30, but can occur at any age

Diagnosis

Diagnosis often involves:

• Medical history and symptom review

• Blood and stool tests

• Colonoscopy with biopsy

• Imaging studies if needed

Treatment Options

While there’s no cure for UC, treatments can control inflammation, reduce symptoms, and promote long-term remission:

1. Medications – Anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, and biologics

2. Dietary changes – Identifying and avoiding trigger foods

3. Stress management – Reducing stress may help reduce flare frequency

4. Surgery – In severe cases, removing the colon may be necessary

Living with Ulcerative Colitis

Managing UC often involves lifestyle adjustments:

• Keeping a food journal to track triggers

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals

• Staying hydrated

• Getting regular exercise

• Following up regularly with your healthcare provider

How The Green Leaf Clinic Can Help

We take a functional medicine approach to managing ulcerative colitis — addressing root causes, optimizing diet and lifestyle, and supporting your body’s natural healing processes. Whether you’re newly diagnosed or seeking better symptom control, we can help design a personalized care plan.

Bottom Line:

Ulcerative colitis can be challenging, but with the right treatment and support, you can lead a healthy, active life. If you have symptoms or a diagnosis of UC, early and consistent care is key.